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Extra License Learning Supplements
These articles, media, and external web links are organized section-by-section with the Extra License Course to provide depth of learning in section topics. Peruse these items after completing a section to enhance your understanding.
Ø: Before We Begin...
4: Digital Modes
4.1: Digital Encoding Concepts
1: Operating Your Station
1.1: Common Operating Practices
2: Rules and Regs
2.1: Operational Regulations
Allowable International Contacts
RACES Regs §97.407
Prohibited Transmissions §97.113
Third-party Communications §97.115
International Ops Info (ARRL)
IARP Info (ARRL)
CEPT Info (ARRL)
DA 16-1048 (pdf)
5: Electrical Circuit Principles
5.1: Complex Impedance
Complex Impedance Article
Capacitive Reactance
Calculating the tangent (vid)
Pythagorean Theorem (vid)
5.2: Real & Apparent Power
Calculating with cosine (vid)
Power Factor (vid)
5.3: Resonant Circuits and Q
2.2: Station Control & Restrictions
2.3: Volunteer Examiner Regulations
3: Propagation
3.1: HF Propagation Factors
Chordal Hop Propagation
Sunspots & Propagation
Variable Propagation Conditions
D-layer Absorption
Skip Fade
Spaceweather.com
Sunspot Watch
DX Maps
Understanding Solar Indices
NOAA Space Weather Scales
6: Hamtronics I: Components
6.1: Inductors and Cores
Inductors
How Inductors Work I (vid)
How Inductors Work II (vid)
Transformer Windings
Transformer Winding Diameters
How Transformers Work (VID)
6.2: Semiconductor Components
Capacitors Explained (vid)
Transistors Explained (vid)
Diodes Explained (vid)
LEDs Explained (vid)
Zener Diode Explained (vid)
FET/JFET/MOSFET (vid)
MOSFET (vid)
6.3: VHF+ Component Packaging
6.4: Photovoltaics & Optoelectronics
How LCDs Work
Simple Solar Power System
7: Hamtronics II: Analog Circuits
7.1: Amplifiers
7.2: Filters & Matching Networks
Low Pass Filters 1 (vid)
Low Pass Filters 2 (vid)
High Pass Filters (vid)
Tuning a Duplexer Filter (vid)
Repeater Duplexer Repair (vid)
7.3: Power Regulators & Supplies
Bleeder Resistors in Supplies
Linear Supply Function (vid)
Linear Supply vs. SMPS (vid)
Linear/SMPS Performance (vid)
7.4: Oscillators & Signal Generators
Oscillator Basics (vid)
Colpitts Oscillator (vid)
Hartley Oscillator (vid)
Direct Digital Synthesis 1
Direct Digital Synthesis 2
Direct Digital Synthesis 3 (vid)
8: Processing Signals
8.1: Modulation & Demodulation
Understanding SSB
SSB Advantages (vid)
SSB Operations (vid)
SSB Audio Required
Heterodyne Receiver Function
Receiver Signal Discrimination
SSB Receive Filters
9: Station Performance and Measurement
9.1: Noise & Spurious Emissions
Intermodulation Products (vid)
3rd Order Intercept (vid)
Types of RF Interference
Ignition Interference (mobile)
Mobile RFI Problems
Part 15 Devices
9.2: Measuring Performance
10 Uses for a Multimeter
Oscilloscope Basics (vid)
Spectrum Analyzer
Using a Spectrum Analyzer (vid)
Spectrum Analyzer Ops (vid)
VNA Antenna Measurement (vid)
3.2: VHF+ Propagation Factors
6.5: Digital Logic Devices
Hepburn Tropo Ducting Predictions
Starting Guide to Meteor Scatter (ARRL)
Simple Meteor Scatter MSK144
Meteor Scatter Ops
Meteor Scatter CW Sound (vid - KX9X)
Logic Gates Example
10: Antennas
10.1: Types of Antennas
dBi vs. dBd
Trimming a Dipole Wire
Yagi Driven Element
Yagi Basics (vid)
Near Vertical Incidence Antenna
10.2: Performance Factors
10.3: Impedance Matching & Phasing
Dipole Impedance
SWR Perfect Match
Good SWR & Resonance
Phased Antennas 1 (vid)
Phased Antennas 2 (vid)
Phased Antennas 3 (vid)
10.4: Transmission LInes
Characteristic Impedance
Standing Waves Animation
SWR Illustration
Coaxial Cable Signal Loss
What Coaxial Cable to Use?
10.5: Smith Chart
10.6: Special Antennas
Log Periodic Antenna
Beverage Antenna Setup (vid)
Rhombic Angle Effects (model)
Rhombic Height Effects (model)
Dish Trx & Rx Wavefronts (model)
11: Safety
RF Exposure & Mitigation
RF Exposure Calculator
RF Burns
Electric Shock Protection
Tower Grounding
RF Safety (ARRL)
Grounding-Bonding Book (ARRL)
Ward Silver Grounding Video
8.2: FM Signal Processing
8.3: Digital Signal Processing
4.2: Frequency Shift Keying Modes
FSK modes audio sample (audio)
FT8 Starting Guide (video)
FT8 Operations Example (video)
Digital Mode Sounds (vid)
Digital Signal Processing
Direct Digital Conversion
Fourier Analysis - square (vid)
Fourier Analysis - sawtooth (vid)
4.3: Digital Packet Modes
APRS.fi Web Map Interface
PACTOR III Signal Identification
PACTOR Description (ARRL)
OFDM Detail (WiFi use)
Mesh Network - Broadband Hamnet
Mesh Network - AREDN Home
4.4: Additional Digital Modes
4.5: Amateur TV
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